gansiklovir
Ganciclovir is an anti-viral drug. Ganciclovir is an antiviral. Ganciclovir is an antiviral medicine. CMV de nükleozid anaaloğu antiviral. It is used to treat infections caused by viruses. Liver transplant recipients are susceptible to CMV due to immunosuppressant drugs. It is usually applied as one drop to the affected eye (s) five times a day (about every 3 hours while awake) until the eye (s) heal.com.Contoh penyakit yang disebabkan oleh virus ini adalah retinitis cytomegalovirus, yakni infeksi mata yang bisa menyebabkan kebutaan, terutama pada orang yang sistem kekebalan tubuhnya lemah. Ganciclovir Dosage Ganciclovir is phosphorylated to its triphosphate form (ganciclovir triphosphate), which competitively inhibits incorporation of deoxyguanosine triphosphate into elongating DNA. Talk with the doctor if you have questions about giving ganciclovir (systemic) to your child.61 (4.4. Ganciclovir resistance is a serious clinical problem. Before taking ganciclovir, tell your doctor: If you are allergic to ganciclovir; any part of this medicine; or any other drugs, foods, or substances.Sensitive human viruses include cytomegalovirus (CMV), herpes simplex virus -1 and -2 (HSV-1, HSV-2), Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) and varicella zoster virus (VZV), however clinical studies have been limited to assessment of efficacy in Ganciclovir (9-[(1,3,-dihydroxy-2-propoxy)methyl] guanine, or DHPG) is an acyclic analog of the nucleoside guanosine. Buy hives. Ganciclovir is a prescription medication used in patients whose immune system is not working properly such as patients who have acquired immunodeficiency Ganciclovir is an antiviral medicine.Sensitive human viruses include cytomegalovirus (CMV), herpes simplex virus -1 and -2 (HSV-1, HSV-2), Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) and varicella zoster virus (VZV), however clinical studies have been limited to assessment of efficacy in Feb 16, 2024 · Warnings. It is also used to treat CMV eye infection in patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). Ganciclovir was patented in 1980 and approved for medical use in 1988; it was discovered by Dr Hoong-Wei Gan [2] . CMV immune globulin (CMVIg) is frequently added, although there is little evidence for efficacy in treatment of active infection 7–8. Common side effects of Zirgan include: temporary blurred vision after application of this medication, burning or stinging of the eye, mild eye irritation or redness, itchy eyes, and. Ganciclovir is an acyclic nucleoside analogue of 2’-deoxyguanosine that has antiviral effect against human cytomegalovirus and other human herpes viruses. itching. Both men and women using ganciclovir should use effective birth control to prevent pregnancy. Valganciclovir is the valyl ester prodrug of ganciclovir which can be given orally. Ganciclovir is used to treat herpes infection of the eye. Rare side effects of Ganciclovir include: none. Ganciclovir is an antiviral medicine that is used in an implant that is inserted into the eye during surgery.Ganciclovir is an antiviral. Manufacturer advises avoid inhalation of the powder or direct contact of the powder or reconstituted solution with the skin or mucous membranes; if contact occurs, wash thoroughly with soap and water; rinse eyes thoroughly with plain water. The considerable disease burden associated with difficult-to-treat herpes infections makes dose optimization of ganciclovir critical in achieving successful clinical outcomes and minimizing adverse effects. Ganciclovir is used routinely for the prevention or treatment of CMV in immunosuppressed adults and children who have under gone hematopoietic stem cell transplantation or solid organ transplantation [3, 4]. It has demonstrated efficacy against human cytomegalovirus infections and should be considered a first-line therapy in the treatment of life-or sight-threatening cytomegalovirus infection in immunocompromised patients. The mechanism of resistance to ganciclovir and valganciclovir is the same. 133 Ganciclovir inhibits all herpesviruses, including CMV, by preventing DNA elongation. CMV de nükleozid anaaloğu antiviral. Rare side effects of Ganciclovir include: none. Following depletion of ganciclovir from the Vitrasert (ganciclovir) Implant, as evidenced by progression of retinitis, the Vitrasert (ganciclovir) Implant may be removed and replaced. The drug is converted intracellularly to ganciclovir 5'-monophosphate by a viral kinase, which is encoded by the cytomegalovirus (CMV) gene UL97 during infection. seizures. Although there is no information in humans, ganciclovir should be considered cancer-causing (carcinogenic). numbness, pain, burning, or tingling in the hands or feet.5 (14. The drug is converted intracellularly to ganciclovir 5'-monophosphate by a viral kinase, which is encoded by the cytomegalovirus (CMV) gene UL97 during infection. If your child has been given ganciclovir (systemic), ask the doctor for information about the benefits and risks. Last reviewed on RxList 1/11/2019. Ganciclovir can weaken (suppress) your immune system, and you may get an infection or bleed more easily.Although ganciclovir stops the growth of the virus, it is not a cure for the herpes infection. Thus, there is a Ganciclovir is a nucleoside analog of 2-deoxyguanosine, similar to acyclovir.Dosage for Vitrasert. unintentional trembling or shaking movements. [4,5] Ganciclovir berbentuk bubuk kristal Ganciclovir is an antiviral medicine used to treat CMV retinitis in people with immunosuppression caused by HIV or AIDS. However, therapy with this antiviral agent is hindered by side effects such as myelosuppression, which often leads to therapy cessation. levels of both drugs, risk of myelosuppression, nephrotoxicity, auditory, vestibular, other adverse effects (additive effects) anthrax immune globulin. Zirgan (ganciclovir ophthalmic gel) is an anti-viral drug used to treat herpes infection of the eye. increased tearing. In patients with mild renal impairment, ganciclovir clearance is almost half of the clearance value in healthy subjects [38,46]. It is used to treat infections caused by viruses. The maintenance dose of ganciclovir (Cytovene IV) is typically just once a day, but the length of treatment can last 3 months or longer, depending on your Ganciclovir is used in the treatment of Cytomegalovirus Infection. However, how ganciclovir, the first line of treatment for human cytomegalovirus infections, does this is unknown.Ganciclovir capsules are indicated only for prevention of cytomegalovirus (CMV) disease in patients with advanced HIV infection at risk for CMV disease, for maintenance treatment of CMV retinitis in immunocompromised patients, and for prevention of CMV disease in solid Ganciclovir is a synthetic guanine derivative active against cytomegalovirus (CMV).15% has a good tolerance, prolonged corneal contact time, a similar tonicity to tears, and a long and stable shelf life. Pink eye is different because it involves a different part of the eye called the conjunctiva, which is the thin, clear membrane that covers the eyeball and eyelid. Ganciclovir is used to treat the symptoms of cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection of the eyes in people whose immune system is not working fully. 90% of ganciclovir is excreted in the urine unchanged. It is functionally related to a guanine. 78 As with most antimicrobial agents, low concentrations of drug exposure results in selective pressure for the development of resistance, as indicated by the higher rate of resistance seen after the use of poorly absorbed oral ganciclovir compared with IV ganciclovir Aug 3, 2023 · Ganciclovir umumnya digunakan dalam tata laksana infeksi CMV pada pasien dengan gangguan imunitas yang diperantarai oleh sel, terutama pasien dengan HIV yang tidak terkontrol dan stadium lanjut, serta penerima transplantasi organ dan sumsum tulang yang berisiko tinggi terhadap penyakit CMV invasif. The pKas for ganciclovir are 2. Jan 3, 2023 · Ganciclovir is eliminated mainly through the kidneys by glomerular filtration and active tubular secretion. Ganciclovir ophthalmic may also be used for purposes not listed in this medication guide. 2004; 77:305–8. This includes patients with acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS Zirgan (ganciclovir) is used specifically for treating herpes infections of the cornea, the thick part of the front of the eye. ganciclovir and bacitracin both increase nephrotoxicity and/or ototoxicity. rash. 78 As with most antimicrobial agents, low concentrations of drug exposure results in selective pressure for the development of resistance, as indicated by the higher rate of resistance seen after the use of poorly absorbed oral ganciclovir compared with IV ganciclovir Ganciclovir umumnya digunakan dalam tata laksana infeksi CMV pada pasien dengan gangguan imunitas yang diperantarai oleh sel, terutama pasien dengan HIV yang tidak terkontrol dan stadium lanjut, serta penerima transplantasi organ dan sumsum tulang yang berisiko tinggi terhadap penyakit CMV invasif. Ganciclovir will not cure CMV eye infection, but it may help prevent the symptoms from becoming worse. Ganciclovir-Resistant CMV Infection and Associated Factors.6 mg/mL in water at 25°C and an n-octanol/water partition coefficient of 0. Avoid or Use Alternate Drug. It is phosphorylated to a substrate which competitively inhibits the binding of deoxyguanosine triphosphate to DNA polymerase resulting in inhibition of viral DNA synthesis. Call your doctor for medical advice about serious side Ganciclovir (Cytovene IV) is an antiviral medication against cytomegalovirus (CMV) in people with weakened immune systems. Ganciclovir, formulated as monosodium salt, using sodium hydroxide as a salt forming agent, is a sterile white to off-white lyophilized powder. Feb 1, 2024 · Ganciclovir is an antiviral medicine that is used in an implant that is inserted into the eye during surgery. Pharmacodynamics.Ganciclovir capsules are indicated only for prevention of cytomegalovirus (CMV) disease in patients with advanced HIV infection at risk for CMV disease, for maintenance treatment of CMV retinitis in immunocompromised patients, and for prevention of CMV disease in solid Oct 20, 2011 · Ganciclovir is a synthetic guanine derivative active against cytomegalovirus (CMV). Ganciclovir will not cure CMV eye infection, but it may help prevent the symptoms from becoming worse.2% of valganciclovir and ganciclovir patients, respectively, by 6 months, though with a difference in the relative efficacy of valganciclovir and ganciclovir between organs (i. Manufacturer advises avoid inhalation of the powder or direct contact of the powder or reconstituted solution with the skin or mucous membranes; if contact occurs, wash thoroughly with soap and water; rinse eyes thoroughly with plain water. Ganciclovir is a prescription medication used to treat cytomegalovirus (CMV) retinitis (eye infection that can cause blindness). Ganciclovir (9 - [ (1,3,-dihydroxy-2-propoxy)methyl] guanine, or DHPG) is an acyclic analog of the nucleoside guanosine.6 mg/mL in water at 25°C and an n-octanol/water partition coefficient of 0. Its pH is adjusted to a physiological level. Leflunomide has been used off-label for CMV treatment, but is not always effective 9. If your child has been given ganciclovir (systemic), ask the doctor for information about the benefits and risks. The drug has low protein binding (1–2%), a rapid Ganciclovir, sold under the brand name Cytovene among others, is an antiviral medication used to treat cytomegalovirus (CMV) infections. The ganciclovir implant is used to treat a serious condition called cytomegalovirus (CMV) retinitis in persons who have acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS). The drug is converted intracellularly to ganciclovir 5'-monophosphate by a viral kinase, which is encoded by the cytomegalovirus (CMV) gene UL97 during infection. Subsequently, cellular kinases catalyze the formation of Jun 20, 2023 · Ganciclovir ophthalmic (for the eyes) is used to treat eye ulcers caused by herpes infection in adults and children at least 2 years old.S. Avoid or Use Alternate Drug.5 h . Ganciclovir is a synthetic nucleoside analogue of 2'-deoxyguanosine that inhibits replication of herpes viruses both in vitro and in vivo. tiredness. Ganciclovir is a polar hydrophilic compound with a solubility of 2. Kontrendikasyon; aşırı duyarlılık. Ganciclovir is available as 250 mg and 500 mg capsules. Ganciclovir ophthalmic (for the eyes) is used to treat eye ulcers caused by herpes infection in adults and children at least 2 years old.3–31) days after initiation of ganciclovir, with a median CMV load (IQR) of 41 100 (13 575–102 346) copies/mL or log 4. This article reports a case of twin preterm infants who received ganciclovir treatment and therapeutic drug monitoring for CMV infection. Feb 1, 2024 · Ganciclovir is an antiviral. All ganciclovir-resistant isolates harbored a UL97 mutation in codon 460. 14-21 gün günde 2 defa 5mg/kg, sonra günde 1 defa. Ganciclovir has caused tumors in laboratory animals. View Ganciclovir’s uses, side-effects, drug interactions, expert advice and user FAQs only on 1mg. tiredness. CMV disease can lead to Ganciclovir is an anti-viral drug. Download the full-text PDF for free. The ganciclovir implant is used to treat a serious condition called cytomegalovirus (CMV) retinitis in persons who have acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS). ganciclovir twice daily for 21 Ganciclovir is an antiviral prescription medicine approved by the U. Ganciclovir is a nucleoside analogue and antiviral agent used in therapy of cytomegalovirus infections. View Ganciclovir’s uses, side-effects, drug interactions, expert advice and user FAQs only on 1mg. The mechanism of resistance to ganciclovir and valganciclovir is the same. Ganciclovir ophthalmic comes as a gel to apply to the eyes. shortness of breath, seizure , little or no urination, swelling in the feet or ankles, and. Ganciclovir ophthalmic (for the eyes) is used to treat eye ulcers caused by herpes infection in adults and children at least 2 years old.4. It is used to prevent disease caused by a virus called cytomegalovirus in people who have received organ or bone marrow transplants.13–5). It is functionally related to a guanine. Winston DJ, Busuttil RW. imipenem/cilastatin. This includes patients with acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS Oct 11, 2020 · Zirgan (ganciclovir) is used specifically for treating herpes infections of the cornea, the thick part of the front of the eye. In patients with mild renal impairment, ganciclovir clearance is almost half of the clearance value in healthy subjects [38,46]. Oral route (Capsule) The clinical toxicity of ganciclovir includes granulocytopenia, anemia, and thrombocytopenia. Ganciclovir is used to treat the symptoms of cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection of the eyes in people whose immune system is not working fully.2 and 9. It is used to prevent disease caused by a virus called cytomegalovirus in people who have received organ or bone marrow transplants. However, therapy with this antiviral agent is hindered by side effects such as myelosuppression, which often leads to therapy cessation. Each capsule contains 250 mg or 500 mg ganciclovir, USP respectively, and inactive ingredients croscarmellose sodium, FD&C blue #2, gelatin, iron oxide black, iron oxide yellow, lecithin, magnesium stearate, microcrystalline cellulose, povidone, shellac With intravenous use: Ganciclovir is a potential teratogen and carcinogen. It is an oxopurine and a member of 2-aminopurines.022. Ganciclovir is eliminated mainly through the kidneys by glomerular filtration and active tubular secretion. Ganciclovir is an anti-viral drug. Ganciclovir will not cure this eye infection, but it Ganciclovir, sold under the brand name Cytovene among others, is an antiviral medication used to treat cytomegalovirus (CMV) infections. However, the doctor may decide the benefits of taking ganciclovir (systemic) outweigh the risks. Tell your doctor about the allergy and what signs you had. Topical ganciclovir ophthalmic gel 0. Many ganciclovir-resistant isolates contain substitutions in the 3′–5′ exonuclease domain of the catalytic subunit of viral DNA polymerase. Talk with the doctor if you have questions about giving ganciclovir (systemic) to your child. Ganciclovir Dosage Ganciclovir is phosphorylated to its triphosphate form (ganciclovir triphosphate), which competitively inhibits incorporation of deoxyguanosine triphosphate into elongating DNA. Endpoint committee-defined CMV disease developed in 12.Related/similar drugs Jul 3, 2023 · Ganciclovir is a polar hydrophilic compound with a solubility of 2.5 mg of ganciclovir, and is designed to release the drug over a 5 to 8 month period of time. CMV disease can lead to Pharmacodynamics. Ganciclovir can cause birth defects.4 h. Ganciclovir ophthalmic is not a cure for herpes and will not treat symptoms of herpes in any other part of your body. Then apply one drop 3 times a day into the affected eye (s) for another 7 days.1–4 It Synopsis Ganciclovir is a nucleoside analogue with antiviral activity in vitro against members of the herpes group and some other DNA viruses. Clinical efficacy varies with the Intravenous ganciclovir is the standard treatment for cytomegalovirus disease in solid organ transplant recipients. Additionally, GCV is used as a first-line treatment High-dose ganciclovir 4, or combinations of ganciclovir and foscarnet 5–6, are variably effective. Ganciclovir is the mainstay of therapy for the prophylaxis and treatment of Cytomegalovirus. The pK a s for ganciclovir are 2. These DNA fragments are not packaged into virions and are therefore not Ganciclovir is a nucleoside analogue of guanosine, a homologue of acyclovir, and the first antiviral drug to be effective in the treatment of cytomegalovirus (CMV) disease in humans. Ganciclovir is eliminated primarily through the kidneys and excreted as active drug in the urine. Valganciclovir is orally bioavailable (approximately Acyclovir (ACV) and ganciclovir (GCV) are acyclic analogs of guanosine that were approved for medical use in 1982 and 1989, respectively. Short subgenomic CMV DNA fragments continue to be synthesized in the presence of ganciclovir. In addition, ganciclovir has been used to treat infants with symptomatic congenital CMV infection. For treatment of CMV retinitis after you have received ganciclovir injection for at least fourteen to twenty-one days: Adults and teenagers—1000 milligrams (mg) three times a day with food; or 500 mg six times a day, every three hours with food, during waking hours. It has a role as an antiviral drug and an antiinfective agent. Learn more about the clinical outcomes, dosing strategies, and adverse effects of this therapy. 90% of ganciclovir is excreted in the urine unchanged. Herpes virus continues to live in the body Feb 26, 2019 · Ganciclovir is a standard antiviral agent given its broad activity against herpesviruses, including CMV (5,– 7). Ganciclovir, formulated as monosodium salt, using sodium hydroxide as a salt forming agent, is a sterile white to off-white lyophilized powder. It has demonstrated efficacy against human cytomegalovirus infections and should be considered a first-line therapy in the treatment of life-or sight-threatening cytomegalovirus infection in immunocompromised patients. yellowing of skin or eyes; loss of appetite; dark urine; and/or light-colored bowel movements. Ganciclovir is available as 250 mg and 500 mg capsules.4. Tell your doctor if you have or have ever had anemia (red blood cells do not bring enough oxygen to all parts of the body); neutropenia (less than normal number of white blood cells); thrombocytopenia (less than normal number of platelets); or other blood or bleeding problems. The pharmacokinetics of ganciclovir in neonates is similar to that in adults. Ganciclovir is used to treat the symptoms of cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection of the eyes in people whose immune system is not working fully. Ganciclovir TDM may be especially beneficial for patients with highly variable pharmacokinetic profiles, such as patients with unstable renal function or cystic fibrosis. Short subgenomic CMV DNA fragments continue to be synthesized in the presence of ganciclovir. use alternative or monitor CBC, renal fxn, ototoxicity: combo may incr.6–4.2 and 9. 3,30 Plasma protein binding is minimal. Sep 29, 2023 · However, the doctor may decide the benefits of taking ganciclovir (systemic) outweigh the risks.Although ganciclovir stops the growth of the virus, it is not a cure for the herpes infection. ganciclovir (generic) Ganciclovir is an antiviral medication used to prevent or treat infections caused by Cytomegalovirus (CMV). Ganciclovir is widely distributed throughout the body and achieves CSF concentrations that are 24% to 70% of plasma concentrations. Gansiklovir etkin maddesi hakkında kısa bilgi. Subsequently, cellular kinases catalyze the formation of Ganciclovir ophthalmic (for the eyes) is used to treat eye ulcers caused by herpes infection in adults and children at least 2 years old.4 h. 132 Despite its structural similarities with acyclovir, ganciclovir is much more active in vitro against CMV than acyclovir. In a randomized, international trial, recipients with cytomegalovirus disease were treated with either 900 mg oral valganciclovir or 5 mg/kg i.6–4. Ganciclovir resistance was tested at a median time (IQR) of 22. CMV disease can lead to Ganciclovir is replaced by ganciclovir monophosphate by viral encoded phosphotransferase sent to cells contaminated with cytomegalovirus. Ganciclovir is an antiviral drug used to treat or prevent AIDS-related cytomegalovirus infections. Pink eye is different because it involves a different part of the eye called the conjunctiva, which is the thin, clear membrane that covers the eyeball and eyelid. ganciclovir (generic) Ganciclovir is an antiviral medication used to prevent or treat infections caused by Cytomegalovirus (CMV).Ganciclovir is an antiviral drug used to treat or prevent AIDS-related cytomegalovirus infections. levels of both drugs, risk of myelosuppression, nephrotoxicity, auditory, vestibular, other adverse effects (additive effects) anthrax immune globulin. This is a substrate that is superior to acyclovir for this phosphotransferase, and half the presence of intracellular ganciclovir triphosphate in any case is 12 h, compared to 1–2 h for acyclovir. Ganciclovir triphosphate also has some activity against cellular DNA polymerases, and this potential for incorporation into cellular DNA accounts for ganciclovir’s significant toxicities. This includes patients with acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS). CYTOVENE-IV (ganciclovir), formulated as monosodium salt, using sodium hydroxide as a salt forming agent, is a sterile white to off-white lyophilized powder.com. an organ type-treatment interaction). Ganciclovir may lower the number of all types of cells in your blood, causing serious and life-threatening problems. This medicine should be used with caution in patients with a known history of seizure disorders due to the increased risk of recurrent seizures. Valganciclovir may cause other side effects. Ganciclovir .e. It is used to treat infections caused by viruses. 14-21 gün günde 2 defa 5mg/kg, sonra günde 1 defa. Transplantation. Underdosing, as an attempt to prevent side effects, can lead to drug resistance and therapy failure. Ganciclovir is an antiviral medicine used for the prevention of Cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection which may occur after an organ transplantation. It's given as an infusion into your veins by a healthcare provider. The kidney is the major route of clearance of ganciclovir, and therefore, impaired renal function requires adjustment of dosage. Ganciclovir has an elimination half-life of 2. It's given as an infusion into your veins by a healthcare provider. When given intravenously, ganciclovir can cause mild, transient and asymptomatic elevations in serum aminotransferase levels, but neither ganciclovir nor valganciclovir have been associated with clinically Congenital cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection is a serious condition that can affect preterm infants. Gansiklovir (ganciclovir) adalah obat untuk mengobati infeksi yang disebabkan oleh cytomegalovirus (CMV). Jul 14, 2023 · Warning. The considerable disease burden associated with difficult-to-treat herpes infections makes dose optimization of ganciclovir critical in achieving successful clinical outcomes and minimizing adverse effects. Tell your doctor if you have or have ever had anemia (red blood cells do not bring enough oxygen to all parts of the body); neutropenia (less than normal number of white blood cells); thrombocytopenia (less than normal number of platelets); or other blood or bleeding problems. Valganciclovir, l-valine ester of ganciclovir, serves as oral prodrug of ganciclovir. ganciclovir, imipenem/cilastatin. Ganciclovir is used to treat the symptoms of cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection of the eyes in people whose immune system is not working fully. Clinical efficacy varies with the. It is used to prevent disease caused by a virus called cytomegalovirus in people who have received organ or bone marrow transplants. In addition, ganciclovir has been used to treat infants with symptomatic congenital CMV infection. Use ganciclovir ophthalmic at around the same times every day. This is not a complete list of side effects and other serious side effects or health problems may occur as a result of the use of this drug. Coadministration may increase risk of seizures.022. This is not a complete list of side effects and other serious side effects or health problems may occur as a result of the use of this drug. ganciclovir + amikacin inhaled. ganciclovir may also affect fertility in a man or a woman. Ganciclovir (9 - [ (1,3,-dihydroxy-2-propoxy)methyl] guanine, or DHPG) is an acyclic analog of the nucleoside guanosine. Ganciclovir is also used to prevent CMV disease in people with Ganciclovir triphosphate is a competitive inhibitor of herpesviral DNA polymerases, resulting in cessation of DNA chain elongation (Markham and Faulds, 1994). Avoid concurrent use of bacitracin with other nephrotoxic drugs. Aug 9, 2013 · Ganciclovir is used routinely for the prevention or treatment of CMV in immunosuppressed adults and children who have under gone hematopoietic stem cell transplantation or solid organ transplantation [3, 4]. Ganciclovir triphosphate also has some activity against cellular DNA polymerases, and this potential for incorporation into cellular DNA accounts for ganciclovir’s significant toxicities. Keep using birth control for at least 30 days (for women) or 90 days (for men) after your last dose. Oct 5, 2021 · Ganciclovir is the mainstay of therapy for the prophylaxis and treatment of Cytomegalovirus. Ganciclovir has an elimination half-life of 2. Underdosing, as an attempt to prevent side effects, can lead to drug resistance and therapy failure. It has a good penetration into the aqueous humor. Ganciclovir is a cyclic analogue of endogenous purine nucleoside guanosine, with an intracellular half-life of 16.